These nations actively persecuted or expelled their Jewish populations, often with state-sanctioned violence or laws:
Iraq 150,000 → <5
- 1941 Farhud pogrom (180+ killed);
- 1950–51 denaturalization laws; assets frozen. Most fled to Israel.
Egypt 80,000 → ~10
- 1948–1956: Bombings, arrests, expulsions (e.g., 1956 Suez Crisis).
- Nasser’s regime seized Jewish property.
Yemen 55,000 → ~50 (mostly in Sana’a)
- 1947 Aden riots;
- 1949–50 Operation Magic Carpet airlift to Israel.
Libya 38,000 → 0 (last Jew left in 2003)
- 1945–48 pogroms (140+ killed);
- 1967 laws banning Jewish property ownership.
Syria 30,000 → ~1
- 1947 Aleppo pogrom;
- 1960s–90s: Travel bans, asset confiscations.
Algeria 140,000 → <200
- 1962 independence: Jewish citizenship revoked; most left for France.
Tunisia 105,000 → ~1,000
- 1956–67: Synagogues attacked; Jewish farms collectivized.
Lebanon 20,000 → ~30
- 1975 Civil War: Kidnappings, emigration. Hezbollah later targeted Jewish sites.