Here are the Key Trends

Rapid Growth (1990–2010):

• Fertility rate: ~5–6 children per woman (among the world’s highest).
• Young population: ~40% under age 15 (2020 data).
• Density: From 2,900/km² (1990) to ~5,500/km² (2023)—one of the most densely populated areas globally.

Post-2007 Blockade Impact:

• Economic stagnation: Unemployment hit 50%+ (2023); 80% relied on aid.
• Healthcare collapse: Hospitals overwhelmed; infant mortality rose post-blockade.
• Water crisis: 97% of water undrinkable by 2020 (UN).

War (2023–2025):

• Displacement: 1.9 million (90% of population) displaced by May 2024 (UNRWA).
• Deaths: Gaza Health Ministry reports ~38,000+ killed (as of Aug 2025), though exact figures are disputed.
• Emigration: Thousands fled via Rafah (Egypt) or resettlement programs (e.g., Canada, Germany).

Demographic Projections (Post-War)

• 2026–2030:
  • Slow recovery: Growth rate may drop to 1–1.5% due to war losses and emigration.
  • Aging population: War disproportionately killed young men; birth rates may decline.
  • Dependence on aid: 60–70% of Gazans could rely on humanitarian assistance (World Bank).